Russian Journal of Theriology. Main page    

Russian Journal of Theriology. Главная страница
Доступ к статьям
Электронная подача статей, правила для авторов и тп
Вход для рецензентов
Здесь можно подписаться на новостную рассылку RJT
Контактная информация

English version

Cinefluorographical study of the burrowing movements in the common mole, Talpa europaea (Lipotyphla, Talpidae)
Gambaryan P.P., Gasc J.-P., Renous S.
P. 91-109
The burrowing process of the common mole Talpa europaea Linnaeus, 1758 was investigated by the cinefluorography. During burrowing the humerus is abduced only on 25–30°. This abduction is realized by the rotation of the scapula around its longitudinal axis and by the translation of the clavicle in the sternoclavicular and claviculohumeral joints. The abduction of the shoulder joint is limited to 10–15° by nearly complete coincidence of the articular surfaces of the scapular glenoid fossa and the humeral head. The shoulder joint extension diminishes the abductors momentum on 30–70% and in this case they cannot develop the force determined in the experiments. M. flexor digitorum profundus is transformed in the ligament which origins on the median epicondyle of humerus and inserts on all the five ungual phalanges. This is an unique mechanism for the neutralization pronation momentum of the humerus abductors. The increasing of the pressure of the hands on the soil augments the tension of the m. flexor digitorum profundus what hinders the pronation of the humerus. The increasing of the rotation of the antebrachium is necessary to maintain the hand in a parasagittal plane. An accretion of the humeral median epicondyle promotes decreasing of the humerus rotation. Humerus rotates during terrestrial locomotion in all tetrapods with sprawling limb position (humerus pronates in the propulsive phase and supinates in the swing phase). The recent Monotremata and probably primitive mammals use the humerus pronation for the lengthening of the stride. Mm. supraspinatus and infraspinatus prevent the humerus retraction. The widening of the humerus in these mammals is an adaptation to its rotation by the limited abduction and retraction. On the contrary, the widening of humerus in moles is an adaptation to its abduction by the limited rotation. Thus the convergent widening of the humerus in these animals is caused by the diametrically opposite functions.

DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.1.2.03

Литература

  • Aburell M. E. 1929. Contribution à l'anatomie du bassin de la Talpa europaea L. // Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. Séries 2. No.1. P.292-297.

  • Campbell B. 1939. The shoulder anatomy of the moles. A study in phylogeny and adaptations // American Journal of Anatomy. Vol.64. No.1. P.1-39.

  • Castiella M.J., Laville E., Renous S. & Gasc J.-P. 1992. Caracteristiques morphologiques du membre anterieur de la taupe commune, Talpa europaea (Mammalia, Talpidae) // Mammalia. T.56. No.2. P.265-285.

  • Chapman R.N. 1919. A study of the correlation of the pelvic structure and habits of certain burrowing mammals // American Journal of Anatomy. Vol.25. No.2. P.185-219.

  • Dobson G.E. 1882. A Monograph of the Insectivora, Systematics and Anatomy. London: P.I. John Van Voorst. 172 p.

  • Edwards L.F. 1937. Morphology of the forelimb of the mole (Scalopus aquaticus) in relation to its fossorial habits // Ohio Journal of Science. Vol.37. No.1. P.20-41.

  • Formozov A.N. 1952. [Companion of a Pathfinder]. Moskva: Moskovskoe Obshchestvo Ispytatelei Prirody. 360 p. [in Russian].

  • Freeman R.A. 1889. The anatomy of the shoulder and upper arm of the mole (Talpa europaea) // Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. Vol.20. No.2. P.201-219.

  • Gambaryan P.P. 1957. [On the pinnated muscles function] // Doklady Akademii Nauk Armyanskoi SSR. T.5. No.1. P.87-91 [in Russian].

  • Gambaryan P.P. 1960. [Adaptive Features of the Locomotory Organs in Fossorial Mammals]. Erevan: Izdatel'stvo AN Armyanskoi SSR. 195 p. [In Russian].

  • Gambaryan P.P. & Gasc J.-P. 1993. Adaptive properties of the musculoskeletal system in the mole-rat Myospalax myospalax (Mammalia, Rodentia), cinefluorographical, anatomical, and biomechanical analyses of burrowing // Zoologiche Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Thiere. Bd.123. Hf.4. P.363-401.

  • Gambaryan P.P. & Kielan-Jaworowska Z. 1997. Sprawling versus parasagittal stance in multituberculate mammals // Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Vol.42. No.1. P.13-44.

  • Gasc J.-P., Jouffroy F.K., Renous S. & von Blottnitz F. 1986. Morphofunctional study of the digging system of the Namib Desert golden mole (Eremitalpa granti namibensis): cinefluorographical and anatomical analysis // Journal of Zoology, London, Series A. Vol.208. No.1. P.9-35.

  • Gordon A.M., Huxley A.F. & Julian F.J. 1966. The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibers // Journal of Physiology. Vol.184. No.2. P.170-181.

  • Hildebrand M. 1985. Digging of quadrupeds // Hildebrand M., Bramble D.M., Liem K.F. & Wake D. (eds.). Functional Vertebrate Morphology. Cambridge (Mass.) & London: Harvard University Press. P.89-109.

  • Hill A.V. 1948. The pressure developed in a muscle during contraction // Journal of Physiology, London. Vol.107. No.5. P.518-526.

  • Hisaw F.L. 1923. Observations on the burrowing habits of mole (Scalopus aquaticus mahrinoides) // Journal of Mammalogy. Vol.4. No.2. P.79-88.

  • Howell A.B. 1936. The phylogenetic arrangement of the muscular system // Anatomical Record. Vol.66. No.3. P.295-316.

  • Jenkins F.A., Jr. 1970. Limb movements in a monotreme (Tachyglossus aculeatus): a cineradiographic analysis // Science. Vol.168. No.3938. P.1473-1475.

  • Laville E. 1988. Etude morphofonctionnelle et evolutive de l'adaptation au fouissage chez Arvicola terrestris Scherman (Mammalia, Rodentia) // Thèse de l'Université Paris. No.7. 124 p.

  • Leche W. 1880. Zur Anatomie der Beckenregion bei Insectivora // Vorlaufige Mittheilung. Morphologische Jahrbücher. Bd.6. Hf.5. S.597-602.

  • Kielan-Jaworowska Z. & Gambaryan P.P. 1994. Postcranial anatomy and habits of Asian multituberculate mammals // Fossils and Strata. No.36. 92 p.

  • Nikolskii V.S. 1978. [General principles of biomechanics of the pectoral girdle and forelimb in Talpa europaea] // Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. T.57. No.7. P.750-758 [in Russian].

  • Pridmore P.A. 1985. Terrestrial locomotion in Monotremes (Mammalia: Monotremata) // Journal of Zoology London, Series A. Vol.205. Pt.1. P.53-73.

  • Reed C.A. 1951. Locomotion and appendicular anatomy in three soricoid insectivores // American Midland Naturalist. Vol.45. No.3. P.513-671.

  • Skoczen S. 1958. Tunnel digging by the mole (Talpa europaea Linne) // Acta Theriologica. Vol.2. No.11. P.235-249.

  • Schmidt-Nielsen K. 1983. Animal Physiology. Adaptation and Environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Third Edition). 619 p.

  • Todorowa Z. 1927. Die Enstehungen der Grabanpassungen bei Talpa europaea // Gegenbaurs Morphologische Jahrbücher. Bd.57. Hf.3. S.381-409.

  • Yalden D.W. 1966. The anatomy of mole locomotion // Journal of Zoology, London. Vol.149. No.1. P.55-64.

Скачать PDF